Add You - Finance

Website Accessibility
Website AccessibilityHaving an accessible website is not just a nicety, but a must have. Although there are still issues with inconsistent display of content across browsers, matters are much better than they have been in the past. This means that there is no excuse not to bear in mind accessibility when creating and updating your site.Here are some accessibility tips to bear in mind whilst creating your site:NavigationYou should resist the temptation to use images or Flash for links on your site, and rather use text based links. This helps with accessibility, search engine spidering and ensures that navigation links can be traversed using the tab key as well as the mouse. The ability to use the keyboard to move around the site is an important accessibility requirement to ensure those who cannot use a mouse for a variety of reasons are not disadvantaged by your site.Alt TagsEnsure all images have alt tags - or alternative text - attached to them. This is a key accessibility requirement, to ensure that those who cannot view images, or choose to browse without images, can view all of your site without disadvantage. Alt tags should be descriptive and relevant to each image, rather than generic or used as a place to stuff keywords that are irrelevant to the image. Keep them sort and to the point - if the image is of a man parachuting, then label it as 'man parachuting'. There is no need to prefix with the word 'image:' as many text to speech browsers will add this automatically, thus the listener will here 'image image' if you also insert the word image!FlashWhen it comes to accessibility, one of the biggest barriers can be Flash. Flash must therefore only be used sparingly and only to add nice to have touches rather than important content. As well as being slow to load, Flash is often stripped out by firewalls or switched off in the web browser. The accessibility of Flash content is very poor as it is impossible for a search engine to know what a Flash banner is displaying. Therefore use Flash with caution.ColoursBe sensible with your colour scheme! Ensure that you use colours that go well together and are easy on the eye. Therefore don't use colours that clash, are too similar or too light to be read easily on screen. There are tools you can use to see how your colour scheme will look to those with various types of colour blindness - well worth checking out.Font sizingEnsure that if possible you do not fix the font size, but rather allow site visitors to adjust font size as per their requirements - either making it larger and easier to read, or perhaps even smaller. Therefore don't set absolute pi

arket value. The National Automobile Dealers Association (NADA) refers to this value as “Investment Value.” A Dealer Guide to Valuing an Automobile Dealership, NADA June 1995, Revised July 2000.

The capitalization rate is determined by the stability of the dealership's earnings and the risk involved in the automobile business at the time of sale, investment, or valuation. This method is highly subjective as the capitalization rate is based upon the particular appraiser's perception of the risk of the business; consequently, the lower the appraiser perceives the risk, the lower will be the capitalization rate and the higher will be the price he would expect a potential purchaser to pay for the business.

In short, the capitalization rate is the appraiser's opinion as to a rate of return on investment that would motivate a prospective purchaser to buy the dealership. Considerations include those specified in Revenue Ruling 59-60, as well as available rate of return on alternative investments.

2. Adjusted Net Worth Formula: Net

8 Simple Steps To Become A Super Affiliate
Do you join any affiliate programs or you own an affiliate program? There are so many affiliates that promote the same products and have same websites as you. furthermore the same place to advertise because we had follow the marketing systems suggested by the affiliate program ownersSo, How? How you can compete with millions of your competitors? Impossible?I will show how in today topic.Step 1 Create your own 5 to 6 pages content rich mini siteIf you are serious and want to success in online business, your own website is a must. It will let your customers feel that you are more professional compare to your competitors.Remember, don’t create a website that only have a bundles of links without any content and free resources that can help your customers.You can find the low cost or FREE web host in my website.Step 2 Create a free internet course or ezines (Opt-in Lists)You must learn how to create your own ezines to build your personnel opt-in lists. Most of the customers won’t buy anything in their first time visit to your website. AS a result you must collect their contact informations for further follow up by ezines.Step 3 AutoresponderThis is a must tool that a need to have. Get your free account at getresponse and FreeAutobot. You can set 5 to 6 follow up emails when your visitors subscribe to your ezines.Step 4 Get Targeted website traffics from PPCI highly recommend that you must invest in Pay Per Click Search Engine especially Google Adwords. Why so many affiliates fail to earn money because they over concentrate on some Free Traffics tools.Step 5Prepare your site too be Indexed by Search Engine and Get High RankingMost of my visitors come from PPC and Search Engine. I advise all the online marketers concentrate in how to prepare a site that can get high ranking in Search Engine. Start to write your own Meta Tags, Keywords and improve your keywords density.Step 6 Write and submit your articlesWrite your own articles and submit it daily or weekly. Here are some tools to help me and submit your articles. Learn from this directory and see how the other people write their articles.Step 7 Build Your Own Blog & RSSBlogging & Pinging is the Latest way to get website traffics and also is a secret weapon For Your website to get high ranking in Search Engine. It is FREE and easy to learn. After set up your Blog Account, go to FeedBurner and Ping-O-Matic to announce your Blog.Step 8 Final Secret WeaponThere are so many way for you to become a super affiliate and boost your income in online business. The the most important things you must have is ‘PERSISTENT”. You must be patient in this business a

Most business valuations are driven substantially by the company's historical financial statements, tempered by other factors such as: location, brand name, management and such. In truth and in fact, the dealership’s balance sheet represents less than half the information necessary to properly value an automobile dealership. The balance sheet is but a starting point from which a number of factors must be added and subtracted in order to determine the true value of the assets.

Valuing new car dealerships has to do with projecting future profits and opportunities based upon the “dynamics” of the particular dealership being valued and of the automobile business itself.

The Internal Revenue Service recognizes that valuations include more than financial statements: "The appraiser must exercise his judgment as to the degree of risk attaching to the business of the corporation which issued the stock, but that judgment must be related to all of the other factors affecting the value." Revenue Ruling 59-60, Section 3.03.

DEFINITION OF MARKET VALUE

The definition of market value according to the American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers' Dictionary of Real Estate Appraisal, is: "The most probable price in cash, terms equivalent to cash, or other precisely revealed terms, for which the appraised property will sell in a competitive market under all conditions requisite to fair sale, with the buyer and seller each acting prudently, knowledgeably, and for self interest, and assuming that neither is under duress." American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers, The Dictionary of Real Estate Appraisal. (Chicago: American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers, 1984), 194 195.

In Revenue Ruling 59-60, the Internal Revenue Service defines "fair market value" as follows: “. . . the price at which the business would change hands between a willing buyer and a willing seller when the former is not under any compulsion to buy and the latter is not under any compulsion to sell, both parties having reasonable knowledge and relevant facts.”

The purpose of Revenue Ruling 59-60 is to outline and review in general the approach, methods and factors to be considered in valuing shares of the capital stock of closely held corporations. The methods discussed in the Revenue Ruling apply to the valuation of corporate stocks on which market quotations are either unavailable or are of such scarcity that they do not reflect the fair market value.

The Ruling goes on to state that no set formula can be devised to determine fair market value of closely held stocks and that the value will depend upon such considerations as:

(a) The nature of the business and the history of the enterprise from its inception. (b) The economic outlook in general and the condition and outlook of the specific industry in particular. (c) The book value of the stock and the financial condition of the business. (d) The earnings capacity of the company. (e) The dividend-paying capacity. The ability to pay dividends is often more important than a company’s history of distributing cash to shareholders, especially when valuing controlling interests. (f) Whether or not the enterprise has goodwill or other intangible value. (g) Sales of the stock and the size of the block of stock to be valued. (h) The market price of stocks of corporations engaged in the same or a similar line of business having their stocks actively traded in a free and open market, either on an exchange or over-the-counter. With respect to an individual dealership sale, the best comparable is the amount the public company paid or received for buying or selling a similar dealership, not what the public company’s stock value or earnings multiple, per se, that is reflected on the stock exchange.

In practice, in arriving at the fair market value of a new car dealership, several different formulas have been used:

1. Return on Investment (or earnings valuation) Formula: The value of a business to a particular purchaser based upon a return on investment analysis. This value varies from purchaser to purchaser according to the purchaser’s investment criterion and it may or may not reflect fair market value. The National Automobile Dealers Association (NADA) refers to this value as “Investment Value.” A Dealer Guide to Valuing an Automobile Dealership, NADA June 1995, Revised July 2000.

2. Adjusted Net Worth Formula: Net w

Practical Money-Saving Tips For Small Businesses
One of the primary concerns all small businesses have is saving money. When it's time to trim the fat, most look for one giant expense to decrease or eliminate in order to stay within budget. More often than not, it doesn't work that way.Most budgeting experts will tell you that re-evaluating your overall expenses and cutting each by just a bit will actually gain you more ground than doing without something major that you really need. Here are a few ideas of areas to look at and costs to reduce that can have a major impact on your overall profits.1) Internet Access - Every online business owner must have access to the Web. But consider this. The market is so flooded with ISPs that you have a lot of room to dicker. Start by searching the Internet under keywords like "cheap internet access" or "discount isp" to bring up lists of possibilities. Then, do one of two things.(a) Try some of these independent ISPs. Smaller companies can have high quality service and support just like the "big boys". One business owner I know recently switched from Prodigy ($21.95/mth) to a smaller ISP that only charges $12.50/mth with no contracts. She actually liked the new provider better and it costs her about half as much. [Savings of $113.40 per year.](b) Renegotiate with your existing ISP. Most larger ISPs know you have a choice of a thousand other companies. Because of this, they are normally more than willing to renegotiate your costs. Be honest. Tell them you are a small business owner and you need to cut expenses. Explain that you've been pleased with their service but will be forced to go with someone else if some sort of arrangement isn't worked out. Another friend of mine did this and received 6 months free! Most will offer 2-3 months free and/or a discount with an annual agreement. NOTE: When you approach your ISP, be fully prepared to switch to someone else if your offer is rejected. [Savings of $105.80 per year with 3 months free and reduced, annual rate.]2) Switch From A Merchant Account To A Payment Service - If you have a low volume of credit card transactions, it might benefit you to switch from a merchant account to some sort of payment service like Pay Pal or ClickBank. Statement fees, monthly fees, discount percentages and the like can all add up to big money.While payment services normally have reduced fees, they do have higher "per transaction" costs so you'll have to do some math to find out if this is a good idea for your business. Just take an "average" invoice amount from a sale and multiply it times 12 to get a base total to work with. Now, add in your 12 months worth of fees for statement, monthly access, discount percentage, per transaction cost, etc. This is your "example" total. Do

KET VALUE

The Ruling goes on to state that no set formula can be devised to determine fair market value of closely held stocks and that the value will depend upon such considerations as:

(a) The nature of the business and the history of the enterprise from its inception. (b) The economic outlook in general and the condition and outlook of the specific industry in particular. (c) The book value of the stock and the financial condition of the business. (d) The earnings capacity of the company. (e) The dividend-paying capacity. The ability to pay dividends is often more important than a company’s history of distributing cash to shareholders, especially when valuing controlling interests. (f) Whether or not the enterprise has goodwill or other intangible value. (g) Sales of the stock and the size of the block of stock to be valued. (h) The market price of stocks of corporations engaged in the same or a similar line of business having their stocks actively traded in a free and open market, either on an exchange or over-the-counter. With respect to an individual dealership sale, the best comparable is the amount the public company paid or received for buying or selling a similar dealership, not what the public company’s stock value or earnings multiple, per se, that is reflected on the stock exchange.

In practice, in arriving at the fair market value of a new car dealership, several different formulas have been used:

2. Adjusted Net Worth Formula: Net

How to Make a Business Plan
Don’t skip on planning, if you wish to stay in business for long. For determined entrepreneurs it does not take long to learn how to make a business plan. Apply the given ground rules and you can confidently prepare a document that will be the cornerstone of your business.You must be adept at defining your basic business concept in order to know how to make a business plan. Business concept is the strategy you will employ to set your business apart from competition. Focus on the competitive attributes of the particular product or service you wish to offer. Elaborate upon the strategic impact factors like marketing, research and development that will distinguish your business from the competing concerns.Conduct the feasibility studies and gather the specifics of your line of business activity. Find out if you have to test market the product; has a prototype been developed and has adequate market research been performed. Ask yourself all possible related questions and write down the answers.Don’t lose sight of the financial objectives. If you intend to raise the capital, clearly state the desired amount and how you plan to use the funding. Based on this data you can refine your business concept and draw a complete outline of the plan.It is necessary to have a consistent business focus. Specialists in a product or service are better positioned to compete in a market dominated by large and well-established players. Review some sample business plans to learn how to make a business plan that compels individuals and firms to fashion strategic business partnerships and convince investors and bankers to bet their money on you.Don’t lose sight of your target audience and the main objective for writing the plan. This way you are bound to succeed in your venture.

ling 59-60 is to outline and review in general the approach, methods and factors to be considered in valuing shares of the capital stock of closely held corporations. The methods discussed in the Revenue Ruling apply to the valuation of corporate stocks on which market quotations are either unavailable or are of such scarcity that they do not reflect the fair market value.

The Ruling goes on to state that no set formula can be devised to determine fair market value of closely held stocks and that the value will depend upon such considerations as:

(a) The nature of the business and the history of the enterprise from its inception. (b) The economic outlook in general and the condition and outlook of the specific industry in particular. (c) The book value of the stock and the financial condition of the business. (d) The earnings capacity of the company. (e) The dividend-paying capacity. The ability to pay dividends is often more important than a company’s history of distributing cash to shareholders, especially when valuing controlling interests. (f) Whether or not the enterprise has goodwill or other intangible value. (g) Sales of the stock and the size of the block of stock to be valued. (h) The market price of stocks of corporations engaged in the same or a similar line of business having their stocks actively traded in a free and open market, either on an exchange or over-the-counter. With respect to an individual dealership sale, the best comparable is the amount the public company paid or received for buying or selling a similar dealership, not what the public company’s stock value or earnings multiple, per se, that is reflected on the stock exchange.

In practice, in arriving at the fair market value of a new car dealership, several different formulas have been used:

2. Adjusted Net Worth Formula: Net

Know What You Want and Make It Happen!
How is your life and/or your business doing? Is it stagnating, boring, going nowhere? Have you become obsessed with meeting those loan repayments or trying to just survive until the next fistful of money comes in? Are you having trouble maintaining your positive expectancy about life and/or business?Too many of us are living this way and it has to change! The Government won't do it for us, nor will our family or friends. So what steps do we need to take to make life worth living and our businesses into exciting ventures?The way to live satisfying lives is to simply dream up the things that we want to do and then make them happen. A simple statement but so few of us can put it into practice!You can put it into practice if you take these steps NOW! First, find yourself a quiet, comfortable location where you will be free from disturbances. Ensure that you have paper and pen handy as you will need to write some things down.Brainstorm IdeasNow, let's do some brainstorming. For the next ten to fifteen minutes, write down all the things you'd like to do. A few rules for this exercise are in order. Don't evaluate as you write! For example, if you'd like to go overseas on holidays for twelve months - don't stop and think whether you can afford it. Just write it down. Evaluation can occur later. At this stage, write down all the things that you'd like to do assuming there was nothing that you couldn't do.Prioritise IdeasWhen you have finished brainstorming, you will have a list of the things you would like to do - and hopefully it will be a long list! Your next step is to review your list and sort it into priority order. Again, do not evaluate any of these items as to feasibility, etc. while you are ranking them. At the top of a fresh sheet of paper, write the thing you would like to do most. Underneath that, write what you'd next like to do most. Continue doing this until you have sorted your list into order of most wanted to least want to do. Also, put beside each one when you would like to do it by.Take a short break before proceeding to the next step.EvaluationNow, look at the top three items on your list and ask yourself the question: "What is stopping me from doing these things? It will help to clarify things if you write down these reasons. For example, if your number one choice is to go overseas for twelve months, your reasons for not being able to do so could be:+ can't afford it; + can't leave my business unattended; and + afraid I won't like it when I get there. You've got to remember that you are looking at the three things you'd like to do most! So you're not going to let reasons like that stop you from doing them, are you? Now spend s

olling interests. (f) Whether or not the enterprise has goodwill or other intangible value. (g) Sales of the stock and the size of the block of stock to be valued. (h) The market price of stocks of corporations engaged in the same or a similar line of business having their stocks actively traded in a free and open market, either on an exchange or over-the-counter. With respect to an individual dealership sale, the best comparable is the amount the public company paid or received for buying or selling a similar dealership, not what the public company’s stock value or earnings multiple, per se, that is reflected on the stock exchange.

In practice, in arriving at the fair market value of a new car dealership, several different formulas have been used:

2. Adjusted Net Worth Formula: Net

Reasons Why You Need Fraud Protection for Your Online Business
Credit card fraud in online purchases is one of the fastest growing fraud industries currently. If you are running an online business having fraud protection is vital to the success of your business. While fraud protection services may add to your overhead and if you are a small online business you may be asking why you would need to worry about it considering the cost.1. The fact is that a charge back from the use of a fraudulent credit card can be more expensive to you than paying for fraud protection services, so it's important to weigh this decision carefully.2. Not only does fraud protection protect you from the charge backs but it also protects your customers. As a business owner online, you have the responsibility of protecting your customers pertinent information as best as possible.Your customers will shop with the piece of mind knowing that their information is secure. There is a variety of services out there so it is a good idea to do some research on the type of services available and the type that you might want to invest in.If you run, an online business you want to have the protection of having someone be there to take care of fraudulent activity, protect your company from charge backs and protect your customers.3. In the end, fraud protection will save your company time, energy, and profits as well as providing the peace of mind your customers need to know they can shop safely at your online business.There are also a variety of ways to provide fraud protection from separate services or through shopping cart and credit card processing services. Which is right for you are determined by the type and size of your business as well as the amount of credit card processing your company does. Even if your company is small having fraud protection to protect you and your customers is a necessary business resource.

2. Adjusted Net Worth Formula: Net worth of the company, adjusted to reflect the appraised value of the assets used in the day to day operations of a business, assuming that the user or purchaser will continue to make use of the assets. To this "net worth" value will be added blue sky or goodwill, if any. The "Adjusted Net Worth Formula" is the most common method used in purchasing and selling a new car dealership.

3. Orderly Liquidation Formula. This method values the assets as if all of them had to be sold – not at a "fire sale," but in an orderly manner and without time constraints. Normally, if the dealership is profitable, some value will still be placed upon goodwill.

4. Forced Liquidation. The lowest of all values, forced liquidation means that all of the assets must be sold at a forced sale such as an auction, creditors' sale or by order of a bankruptcy court. A bankruptcy proceeding regarding a new car dealership almost never brings goodwill. This might be the most appropriate formula if the dealership has no lease (or only a short term remaining on its lease) and cannot, as a practical matter, relocate.

5. Income Formula. The income formula is basically taking the store’s earnings and multiplying it by an appropriated capitalization rate. The trick here is the definition of “earnings.” In determining “earnings” a perspective purchase could use any combination of the following:

(a) current earnings (b) average earnings – add the last five years together and divide by 5 (c) weighted average earnings – usually an inverted weight with the current year multiplied by five, last year by four, the year before last by three, four years ago by two, five years ago by one, then adding them together and dividing by 15 (d) cash flow – net income plus agreed add-backs such as depreciation, LIFO, personal expenses, excess bonuses and such (e) forecasted earnings – future projected earnings discounted to present day value.

6. Fair Value. NADA also refers to a third value in addition to “Market Value” “Investment Value,” which it calls “Fair Value.” NADA describes “Fair Value” as being “. . . primarily used when a minority shareholder objects to a proposed sale of the company in assessing liquidating damages.” and defines it as: “The value of the minority interest immediately before the transaction to which the dissenter objects, excluding any appreciation or depreciation in anticipation of the transaction and without reference to either a minority or non-marketability discount.”

The NADA guide states: It is not common for auto dealers to run across this particular valuation standard. This author has never used, nor has ever seen this value used with respect to valuing automobile dealerships. As can be seen in this report, this author in discussing valuations excludes what NADA describes as “Fair Value”.

7. The Greater Fool Theory. The National Automobile Dealers Association publication (A Dealer Guide to Valuing an Automobile Dealership, NADA June 1995), bemuses, in part: “A Rule of Thumb is more properly referred to as a 'greater fool theory.' It is not ‘valuation theory, however.” (In its “Valuing an Automobile Dealership: Update 2004” NADA dropped the reference to “fool” and simply states that the theory is “. . . rarely based upon sound economic or valuation theory,” but advises sellers to “Go for it, and maybe someone will be stupid enough to pay [it].”

The considerations for valuing new car dealerships are more complex than those used for valuing most other businesses. Dynamics such as the unique requirements of automobile manufactures and distributors can limit the amount of monies that may be paid for a dealership, regardless of what perspective purchasers may offer to pay for the store.

Therefore, the value of a new car dealership varies based upon the needs and ability of the purchaser and, consequently, the same dealership could have two different values to two different purchaser and both values would be correct.

Thus, our valuation of the subject dealership should be considered in the context and limitations of the facts and history of new car dealership sales as delineated herein.

Although the terms "b

Tags

Links

Add You - Investing in Car Dealerships - How to Value Them

Related Articles: